Up to this date, the most common system is the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) and this is a system of naming Chemical Compounds such as
- Ions
- Binary Ionic
- Polyatomic Ions
- Molecular Compounds
- Hydrates
- Acids/Bases
Be aware of the differences between an ION and a Compound!
What is the difference between an Ion and an atom?
An Ion makes up the electric charge of an atom. It can be a positively (+) charged atom or a negatively (-) charged atom, depending on the number of protons versus electrons.
On the other hand, an atom is the smallest part of an element composed of electrons, protons, and the nucleus.To add onto Multivalent Ions, some elements can form more than 1 ion. The most common ion charge is listed first, on the top right hand corner. Example: Iron has 2 charges +3 and +2, so +3 would be the more common charge and we use it when it is not given to us.
Multivalent Ions:
Classical systems uses latin names of elements and the suffixes (Listed Below)
For example, to represent Iron and Oxide, we would say Ferric Oxide. Note that ending of Ferr, which is the latin name for Iron is -IC, so we know that the charge used is the top one which is the more common/larger charge.
Another example: Plumbic Oxide, which would be Pb2O4 which simplifies to PbO2
Mercuric Fluorode -> HgF2
COMPLEX IONS
-Complex Ions are large groups of atoms that stay together during a Chemical reaction-Almost all are anions (Most polyatomic ion has a negative charge with Ammonium being an exception since it has a positive charge)
Examples: Sulphate, Cyanide, Nitrate are all Complex ions
What is the chemical formula for sodium nitrate?
---------- NaNo3
Ferrous Sulfite? Fe (+2)So3(+2) --> FeSo3
--------------------------------------------------------------
We also learned about HYDRATES:
-Some Compounds can form lattices that bond to water molecules such as:
a) Copper Sulfate
b) Sodium Sulfate
-These crystals contain water inside them which can be released by heating!
To name Hydrates:
1.Write the name of the Chemical formula
2.Add a pre-fix indicating the number of water molecules (mono=1,do=2,tri=3,tetra=4,penta=5,hexa=6,etc)
3.Add hydrate after the prefix
ie. Cu(SO4) • 5 H20 -> Cuppric Sulphate or Copper (II) Sulphate
Li(ClO4) • 3H2O -> Lithium Perchlorate Trihydrate
Note: Even if there is only one atom present of the second non-metal in the compound, always use the prefix “mono”. Here are the pre-fixes used:
- One —-> Mono
- Two —-> Di
- Three —-> Tri
- Four —-> Tetra
- Five —-> Penta
- Six —-> Hexa
- Seven —-> Hepta
- Eight —-> Octa
- Nine —-> Nona
- Ten —-> Deca
Lastly, we learned how to name ACIDS and BASES
-HYDROGEN compounds are ACIDS
-Hydrogen appears first in the formula unless it is part of a polyatomic group such as
CH3COOH---> Polyatomic Acid = Acetic Acid
ie. H2SO4 --> Sulfuric Acid
Hydroxide, or OH- is found in Bases.
-name as binary ionic
ie. NaOH ---> Sodium Hydroxide
Ba(OH)2 ---> Barium Hydroxide
...and there you have it!
-Post by Ren Flores Aka Birthday Boy who posted a Chem post on his birthday.
Thank you for this! It's really helpful.
ReplyDeletewhat about in organic chemistry, with benzene rings? according to the classical system, when the branches are on 1,2- the prefix is ortho- (o), when they are on 1,3 the prefix is meta- (m), and 1,4 it is para- (p). Now this works so long as both branches are the same compound (i.e. o-dimethylbenzene) but what about when one branch is different from the other, say if one branch was ethane and the other was methane? would you just have to use IUPAC rules for naming it(i.e. 1-ethyl-2-methylbenzene)? now this question does seem a bit out of the league of your information above, so you don't need to answer if you do not know.
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