FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Today we learned about 2 functional groups! Functional groups are organic compounds that can contain elements other than Carbon or Hydrogen. These organic compounds contain elements such as Oxygen (alcohols),  group 7 elements (halides), double bonded oxygens (ketones/aldehydes), a combination of a double bonded oxygen and an OH group (carboxylic acids), Nitrogens (Amines) and the list goes on and on....

1. ALCOHOLS
2. HALIDES

We will focus on these 2 for now!

In chemistry 11 we will learn about various functional groups, specifically 9!

1. Alcohols*
2. Halides*
3. Aldehydes
4. Ketones
5. Carboxylic Acids
6. Ethers
7. Amines
8. Amides
9. Esters

ALCOHOLS:

• An alcohol is a hydrocarbon with a -OH bonded to it!
• Its ending is -OL (i.e Methanol)
• Same naming rules apply
• If a compound has more than one -OH group number both and add -diol, -triol, -tetraol, etc

Examples:

1. After observing the structural diagram try to find some clues to start. From this diagram you see there is an OH, therefore you know this is an alcohol and has to end with -OL
2. Count the longest carbon chain. The longest carbon chain is 8. Therefore, it is 1 Octanol
3. Name the side chains from 1 Octanol. 3 ethyl, 4 propyl
4. The compound is 3 ethyl, 4 propyl 1 octanol

Name the following Alcohols:

1. On the left: You see 2 OH groups and a carbon chain of 2 (eth-). Since this is an alcohol with 2 OH groups, we name this Ethanediol
2. On the right: We know that this is a benzene molecule. But it is not exactly a benzene molecule because it has an OH group attached to it. This is called a Phenol.

HALIDES:

• Group 7 elements (F, Cl, Br, I) can bond to a hydrocarbon chain
• Naming follows standard rules with halides using
• floro-, chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-

1. On the left: You see a carbon chain of 2. (Ethane). The name of this compound is: 1,1,2,2 tetrabromo ethane
2. On the right: You see a carbon chain of 3, and one is double bonded (prop, -ene). The name of this compound is: 2,3 dibromo 3 chloro 1 Propene

Now its your turn! Name the following compounds:

Answers: 

(left) 1,3 dibromo 2,4 dichloro cyclobutane

(middle) 2 bromo, 1 ethyl, 3 floro benzene

(right)  3,3 diphenyl 1 propanol

that is all!

Post by RenRen Flores